Anita Kozubová
Comenius University, Archaeology, Faculty Member
- Archaeology, Hallstattzeit, Early Iron Age, Eisenzeit, Frühlatènezeit, Vekerzug Culture, and 125 moreHallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Eastern Hallstatt Culture, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Hallstatt, Gender Archaeology, Archaeology of Childhood, Funerary Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), Dress and Personal Adornment (Archaeology), Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Prehistoric weapons, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, Ancient Horse Harnessing, Riding Warriors, Scythian archaeology, Scythian and other Eurasian Nomadic Horse Warrior Cultures, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Eurasian Nomads, Early Steppe Nomadic peoples migrations and social life, Cimmerians, Herodotus, Scythians, Pontic area, Black Sea area, Caucaaus, Near East, Anatolia, nomads, steppe peoples, Cimmerians, Scythians, Balkan archaeology, Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus, Archaeology of Caucasus, Prehistory of Caucasus (Prehistoric Archaeology), Caucasian Archaeology, Social Archaeology, Black Sea Region Archaeology, LaTene culture, Scythian Animal Style, Arms and Armour, Black Sea Studies, Funeral Practices, Pazyryk Culture, Urartian Archaeology, Urartu, Black Sea region, Iron Age, Ancient Greek Colonies of the Northern Black Sea Shore, Achaemenid Persia, скифская культура лесостепи, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Pottery (Archaeology), 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Mobility (Archaeology), Social Stratification, Scythian Arrowheads, Mobility, Scythian Influences, Ancient Colchis, Scythian, La Tene culture, North Caucasus, Iron Age Clothing, Ancient jewellery, Iron Age (Archaeology), archaic Greek Pottery, Thracian Archaeology, South Caucasian Archaeology, South Caucasus, Archaeology of death and burial, Archaeology of children and childhood, Hallstatt period, Warrior burials, South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia) in Prehistory, Southern Caucasus, Bone and Antler, Burial Practices (Archaeology), Burial Customs, Infant burial (Archaeology), Transylvania, Cemeteries, Chronology, Typology, Gray wares, Archaeology of Gender, Strontium Isotope Analysis, iron age Slovakia, Grey Wares, Akinakes, Scythian archers in archaic Attic vase-painting, Edged weapon of Caucasus; Ethnography and origins of folk dance; Archeology in the Caucasus ( Colchian, Koban, Arax cultures etc), Hallstatt princely graves, Prehistoric Archaeology, Social Structure, Costume Reconstruction, Costume and Identity, Archaeology of burials, Graves, Kalenderberg Group, Fibulae, Amber Road, Iron Age archaeology, Archaeology of children, Iron Age Social Structure, Ancient North Caucasian, Ancient DNA Research, Female Graves, Necropolis, Grave Goods, Bestattungsritus, Funerary Practices, Etnoarchaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Late Hallstatt Period, Cremation, Computer Applications & Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA), Statistics in archaeology, Statistical Methods in Archaeology, La Tene Period in Middle Europe, Gender Studies, Chiefdoms (Archaeology), Women warriors, Gender studies in archaeology, Ancient Warriors, Economic archaeology, Bestattungssitten Der Hallstattzeit, Pastoralism (Archaeology), Archaeology of Social status, Archaeology of prestige, and Ur und Frühgeschichteedit
Research Interests: Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Funerary Archaeology, Social Stratification, Funeral Practices, and 28 moreSocial Archaeology, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Death and Burial (Archaeology), Dress and Personal Adornment (Archaeology), Gender Archaeology, Prehistoric weapons, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Burial Practices (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Early Iron Age, Hallstatt, Arms and Armour, Burial Customs, Cemeteries, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Hallstatt period, Ancient Horse Harnessing, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, Frühlatènezeit, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
Research Interests: Archaeology, Social Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Burial Practices (Archaeology), and 16 moreIron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Early Iron Age, Hallstatt, Burial Customs, Cemeteries, Hallstatt period, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, Frühlatènezeit, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
Research Interests: Archaeology, Social Stratification, Costume and Identity, Social Archaeology, Dress and Personal Adornment (Archaeology), and 26 moreDress and identity, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient jewellery, Iron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Early Iron Age, Hallstatt period, Graves, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Necropolis, Grave Goods, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, iron age Slovakia, Iron Age Clothing, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Gräberfeldanalysen, Vekerzug Culture, Late Hallstatt Period, Female Graves, Costume Reconstruction, Frühlatènezeit, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
Research Interests: Archaeology, Arms and Armor Studies, Prehistory of Caucasus (Prehistoric Archaeology), Transylvania, Prehistoric weapons, and 21 more1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Early Iron Age, Arms and Armour, Caucasian Archaeology, Prehistoric Cemeteries, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, South Caucasian Archaeology, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Edged weapon of Caucasus; Ethnography and origins of folk dance; Archeology in the Caucasus ( Colchian, Koban, Arax cultures etc), Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, Warrior burials, and Black See region
Research Interests: Pottery (Archaeology), Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Prehistoric Settlement, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), and 11 moreIron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Early Iron Age, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Eastern Hallstatt Culture, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, and Archeology
Research Interests: Arms and Armor Studies, Caucasus, Prehistory of Caucasus (Prehistoric Archaeology), North Caucasus, Transylvania, and 16 morePrehistoric weapons, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Early Iron Age, Arms and Armour, Caucasian Archaeology, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Daggers, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Swords, Eisenzeit, Ancient Weapons, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Warrior burials, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
Research Interests: Dress and Personal Adornment (Archaeology), 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient jewellery, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, and 10 moreEarly Iron Age, Hallstatt, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Bracelets, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, and Frühlatènezeit
Research Interests: Arms and Armor Studies, Caucasus, Prehistory of Caucasus (Prehistoric Archaeology), North Caucasus, Transylvania, and 17 morePrehistoric weapons, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Iron Age (Archaeology), Early Iron Age, Arms and Armour, Caucasian Archaeology, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Daggers, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Swords, Eisenzeit, Ancient Weapons, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Warrior burials, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
Research Interests: Dress and Personal Adornment (Archaeology), 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Ancient jewellery, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, Hallstatt, and 6 moreHallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, and Vekerzug Culture
Research Interests: Eurasian Nomads, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Scythian archaeology, Iron Age, and 15 moreMobility, Early Iron Age, Hallstatt, Caucasian Archaeology, Scythians, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Scythian and other Eurasian Nomadic Horse Warrior Cultures, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, Scythian Influences, Scythian Arrowheads, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
This article presents the preliminary results of our comprehensive analysis of child and juvenile graves from the burial ground of Chotín IA and IB in south-western Slovakia, one of the best-published cemeteries of the Vekerzug Culture... more
This article presents the preliminary results of our comprehensive analysis of child and juvenile graves
from the burial ground of Chotín IA and IB in south-western Slovakia, one of the best-published cemeteries of the Vekerzug Culture where anthropological analysis is available. We have attempted to identify those graves in the archaeological material, to define children and juveniles as such, and subsequently tried to reconstruct their status
in local Vekerzug society. Based on the occurrence of rich child and juvenile graves, we may conclude that children
and juveniles could also have belonged to the group with the highest social rank. Therefore, rich child graves may
likely be testimony of ancestral social status.
from the burial ground of Chotín IA and IB in south-western Slovakia, one of the best-published cemeteries of the Vekerzug Culture where anthropological analysis is available. We have attempted to identify those graves in the archaeological material, to define children and juveniles as such, and subsequently tried to reconstruct their status
in local Vekerzug society. Based on the occurrence of rich child and juvenile graves, we may conclude that children
and juveniles could also have belonged to the group with the highest social rank. Therefore, rich child graves may
likely be testimony of ancestral social status.
Research Interests: Archaeology, Social Stratification, Archaeology of Childhood, Social Archaeology, Death and Burial (Archaeology), and 13 moreInfant burial (Archaeology), Gender Archaeology, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Early Iron Age, Hallstatt, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Archaeology of children and childhood, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, and Infant Burial Practices
Research Interests:
The topic of this paper involves specific two-part objects made of bone/antler and iron, which represent one of the types of toilet tools found mainly in Early Iron Age funerary assemblages on a relatively wide territory of Central... more
The topic of this paper involves specific two-part objects made of bone/antler and iron, which represent one of the types of toilet tools found mainly in Early Iron Age funerary assemblages on a relatively wide territory of Central Europe, with the highest frequency of occurrence in the north-western and eastern part of the Carpathian Basin, in Eastern Slovenia and on the cemetery of Hallstatt. The objects treated can be counted among important material displays not only of the Vekerzug culture but also of the Dolenjska Hallstatt group. In both of them the functional purpose of these artefacts was discussed in literature (bone knife grips, “pocket knives”, folding razors). The razor finds are uniform in view of their shape and construction; they differ from each other only by the presence or absence of incised decoration on the bone case/grip, on the basis of which we have divided them into two types, namely into decorated (type I) and undecorated (type II) specimens. These were subsequently subdivided into variants according to whether or not they were equipped with reinforcing sockets. Within three regions of their occurrence we can observe some differences, which are manifested in both selection of individual decoration motifs and dating of razor finds. Whereas in the cemetery of Hallstatt the razors are found in graves all over the HD phase and count among the eldest (HD1) within the whole territory of their distribution, in the Dolenjska Hallstatt group they appear first in the HD3 phase and are typical mainly of the following LTA phase. As far as the Vekerzug finds are concerned, these are evidently limited in their occurrence above all to the HD2 phase and partly persist until the HD3 phase. It seems that the incidence of razors on the cemeteries of the Vekerzug culture is associated with influences or contacts to Salzburg and Salzkammergut regions, because in view of decoration the razor finds in the cemetery of Hallstatt resemble rather the Vekerzug finds than the razors from Eastern Slovenia, and the Vekerzug and Hallstatt razors, at the same time, are also chronologically close to each other. A group of folding razors with specific decoration is represented by the specimens found on flat Celtic cemeteries in Lower Austria and Transdanubia, which indicate that several Hallstatt traditions have persisted until
the La Tène Period.
the La Tène Period.
Research Interests: Social Archaeology, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age, Late Hallstatt - Early LT period transition, and 11 moreEarly Iron Age, Hallstatt, Razors, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Eastern Hallstatt Culture, Eisenzeit, Vekerzug Culture, Dolenjska Group, and Frühlatènezeit
Research Interests: North Caucasus, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Early Iron Age, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, and 11 moreScythian and other Eurasian Nomadic Horse Warrior Cultures, Ancient Horse Harnessing, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Eisenzeit, Vekerzug Culture, Scythian Influences, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus, and Caucaus
Research Interests: Arms and Armor Studies, Prehistory of Caucasus (Prehistoric Archaeology), North Caucasus, Prehistoric weapons, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), and 12 moreArchaeology of Caucasus, Early Iron Age, Arms and Armour, Caucasian Archaeology, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Swords, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
Research Interests: 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Early Iron Age, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Ancient Horse Harnessing, Hallstatt and Latene Period, and 8 moreHallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Eastern Hallstatt Culture, Eisenzeit, Vekerzug Culture, Scythian Influences, Archaeology of Horse and Riders, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
Research Interests: 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Hallstatt, and 9 moreCaucasian Archaeology, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Eisenzeit, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, Scythian Influences, Scythian Arrowheads, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
Research Interests: Arms and Armor Studies, Caucasus, Social Archaeology, Prehistory of Caucasus (Prehistoric Archaeology), North Caucasus, and 19 morePrehistoric weapons, 1st Millennium BC (Archaeology), Archaeology of Caucasus, Balkan archaeology, Iron Age, Early Iron Age, Arms and Armour, Caucasian Archaeology, Ancient Weapons and Warfare, Archaeology of the Eurasian steppe belt, Hallstatt and Latene Period, Hallstatt and Latene period Middle Europe, Hallstattzeit, Eisenzeit, Ancient Weapons, Iron Age of the Carpathian Basin, Vekerzug Culture, Warrior burials, and Early Iron Age of Europe and the Caucasus
The topic of the study is a cultural spatial analysis of iron axes occurring as one of the types of striking weapons at the beginning of the Early Iron Age on a relatively wide area, above all in eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin and... more
The topic of the study is a cultural spatial analysis of iron axes occurring as one of the types of striking weapons at the beginning of the Early Iron Age on a relatively wide area, above all in eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin and on the Lower Danube, in the inventory of cultures and cultural groups with nomadic elements, such as the Vekerzug culture and Ciumbrud group, partly also the Ferigile culture. Important comparative material is represented by the finds of iron battleaxes from the Early Iron Age grave units in the North Caucasus and partly also Transcaucasia (Koban culture, proto-Maeotian group of sites, Early Maeotian culture).